{"id":100,"date":"2015-02-25T16:03:09","date_gmt":"2015-02-25T21:03:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/?page_id=100"},"modified":"2016-10-06T11:25:55","modified_gmt":"2016-10-06T15:25:55","slug":"sea-turtle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/samples\/sea-turtle\/","title":{"rendered":"Sea turtles"},"content":{"rendered":"

(original text from here<\/a>)<\/p>\n

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Original<\/h3>\n

Olive ridley sea turtle hatching success as a function of the microbial abundance in nest sand at Ostional, Costa Rica<\/h2>\n

Several studies have suggested that significant embryo mortality is caused by microbes, while high microbial loads are generated by the decomposition of eggs broken by later nesting turtles. This occurs commonly when nesting density is high, especially during mass nesting events (arribadas<\/em>). However, no previous research has directly quantified microbial abundance and the associated effects on sea turtle hatching success at a nesting beach. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the microbial abundance in olive ridley sea turtle nest sand affects the hatching success at Ostional, Costa Rica. We applied experimental treatments to alter the microbial abundance within the sand into which nests were relocated. We monitored temperature, oxygen, and organic matter content throughout the incubation period and quantified the microbial abundance within the nest sand using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) molecular analysis. The most successful treatment in increasing hatching success was the removal and replacement of nest sand. We found a negative correlation between hatching success and fungal abundance (fungal 18S rRNA gene copies g-1<\/sup> nest sand). Of secondary importance in determining hatching success was the abundance of bacteria (bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies g-1<\/sup> nest sand). Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that high microbial activity is responsible for the lower hatching success observed at Ostional beach. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism appears to be the deprivation of oxygen and exposure to higher temperatures resulting from microbial decomposition in the nest.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Translation<\/h3>\n

Sucesso de eclos\u00e3o da tartaruga-oliva em fun\u00e7\u00e3o da abund\u00e2ncia de micr\u00f3bios na areia do ninho\u00a0em Ostional, Costa Rica<\/h2>\n

Diversos estudos sugerem que micr\u00f3bios causam mortalidade significativa de embri\u00f5es, e que as altas cargas microbianas derivam da decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o de ovos quebrados por tartarugas que fazem ninhos mais tarde que as outras. \u00c9 comum que isto ocorra quando a densidade de ninhos \u00e9 alta, especialmente durante eventos de nidifica\u00e7\u00e3o em massa (arribadas<\/em>). No entanto, n\u00e3o h\u00e1 estudos quantificando diretamente a abund\u00e2ncia de micr\u00f3bios e seus efeitos sobre o sucesso de eclos\u00e3o da tartaruga marinha em uma praia de nidifica\u00e7\u00e3o. O objetivo deste estudo foi testar a hip\u00f3tese de que a abund\u00e2ncia de micr\u00f3bios na areia afeta o sucesso de eclos\u00e3o dos ninhos de tartaruga-oliva em Ostional, Costa Rica. Tratamentos experimentais foram aplicados para modificar a abund\u00e2ncia de micr\u00f3bios na areia para onde os ninhos foram relocados. Durante todo o per\u00edodo de incuba\u00e7\u00e3o, monitoramos a temperatura, o n\u00edvel de oxig\u00eanio e o conte\u00fado de mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica. Al\u00e9m disso, quantificamos a abund\u00e2ncia de micr\u00f3bios na areia do ninho usando uma an\u00e1lise molecular, a rea\u00e7\u00e3o em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa (qPCR). O melhor tratamento para aumentar o sucesso de eclos\u00e3o foi a remo\u00e7\u00e3o e reposi\u00e7\u00e3o da areia do ninho. Houve uma correla\u00e7\u00e3o negativa entre o sucesso de eclos\u00e3o e a abund\u00e2ncia de fungos (c\u00f3pias do gene f\u00fangico 18S rRNA por grama de areia do ninho). A abund\u00e2ncia de bact\u00e9rias teve import\u00e2ncia secund\u00e1ria sobre o sucesso de eclos\u00e3o (c\u00f3pias do gene bacteriano 16S rRNA por grama de areia do ninho). Nossos dados apoiam a hip\u00f3tese de que a alta atividade microbiana \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel pelo baixo sucesso de eclos\u00e3o observado na praia Ostional. Al\u00e9m disso, o mecanismo parece ser a falta de oxig\u00eanio e a exposi\u00e7\u00e3o a temperaturas mais altas causadas pela decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o microbiana dentro do ninho.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

(original text from here) Original Olive ridley sea turtle hatching success as a function of the microbial abundance in nest sand at Ostional, Costa Rica Several studies have suggested that significant embryo mortality is caused by microbes, while high microbial loads are generated by the decomposition of eggs broken by later nesting turtles. This occurs … Continue reading Sea turtles<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":67,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-100","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=100"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":172,"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/100\/revisions\/172"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/67"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.yellowflower.xyz\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}